Tuesday 2 December 2014

Are China’s Only Children Happy? Photographer Carlos Barria investigates through time…



Zhang Bowen, born in 1985






Since its introduction in 1979, China’s One Child Policy has resulted in a generation of only children or ‘singletons.’ The state estimates that 400 million births have been averted since 1980, saving scarce food resources and helping pull families out of poverty. Despite this, critics say it has created a generation of ‘spoilt brats’ and reinforced a cultural preference for male heirs who can take better care of their parents in old age. If couples are allowed only one child, many want to make sure it is a boy. Couples violating the policy have had to pay a fine, or in some cases have been forced to undergo abortions. It is a relatively new idea to research the welfare of these singletons and their thoughts on the one child policy. What is it really like to be an only child in China today? Photographer Carlos Barria aimed to find out. He photographed a person born in each year China’s one child policy has been in existence; starting from a man Cai Hua born in 1979, to a baby Jin Yanxi born in 2014. He asked each singleton whether they would like to have siblings. Barria found totally different answers for the different age groups. The majority of the older generation wished they had grown up with a sibling, as it would have been less lonely. Those only children in their 20’s and 30’s now find it hard to take care of their parents alone, as well as their own families. Zhang Bowen, (pictured above) who was born in 1985, said: "I would like to have had a sister or a brother because I would have felt less lonely when I was growing up… as your parents get older, it would be good to have brothers and sisters to share the responsibilities." Lu Da, born in 1986 felt similarly. He said: ‘When my parents get older, I need to take the responsibility of taking care of them. If there are brothers or sisters at home things will be much easier." Barria found that the teenagers’ views were different. These singletons were more concerned about their parents’ ability to pay for their education; if they had siblings, money would have to be shared between two or three.
 
^Jiang Chencheng, born in 1993

Jiang Chencheng, who was born in 1993 said: "I wouldn't like to have a brother or a sister because I would have to share the family's financial resources with them and it would be very difficult for our parents to send them to good Universities." Other teenagers believed they would not do as well in their studies if they had a brother or sister. Wang Qi'an, who was born in 2003 answered: ‘I have investigated all my classmates who have brothers and sisters. None of them perform well in their studies.’  The last age group Barria photographed was young children. He found that most only children born recently said they were happy being an only child; they didn’t wish to share their toys or the attention of their parents.
 
 
^Liu Ziyu, born in 2009
 
Liu Ziyu, was born in 2009. She said that she didn't want siblings “because my mother would dote on him or her." Many of the young children’s answers were similar to this one.
 
Barria concluded that his project gave him the opportunity to see a whole generation of singleton Chinese, from 0-35 years old and hear what their frustrations, expectations and dreams for the future were. More importantly, the photographer’s investigation may give us insight into the future pressures on only children in China today. It may also help us see the impacts of the One Child Policy on these singletons. Has it truly been a success?
 
Article by Harriet Jennings

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